Iron and Iron Ore Production: approx. 70% of revenue
Nickel Production: approx. 15% of revenue
Copper Production: approx. 10% of revenue

TOP 3 Markets:
China: approx. 50%
Brazil: approx. 15%
Europe: approx. 10%

Vale S.A. is one of the largest mining companies in the world, with a strong focus on the production of iron and iron ore, which accounts for the majority of its revenue. The Chinese market is the most significant buyer, mainly due to the high demand for steel production, for which iron ore is an essential raw material.

Brazil, as the home market, also plays an important role, both in production and consumption. Europe is another significant market, known primarily for the demand for nickel and copper, which are used in the electronics and automotive industries.

Main production sites:

• Brazil: Vale S.A. operates numerous mines in Brazil, especially in the states of Minas Gerais and Pará. These regions are known for their rich iron ore deposits.

• Canada: Vale is also active in Canada, where it operates nickel mines in Ontario, Manitoba, and Newfoundland.

• Indonesia: In Indonesia, Vale operates nickel production facilities that play an important role in global nickel supply.

• Mozambique: Vale operates coal mines in Mozambique, particularly in the Moatize Basin.

Vale S.A. is one of the world's largest producers of iron ore and nickel. The company leverages its global production sites to extract and process a wide range of minerals and metals. The strategic location of these sites enables Vale to efficiently respond to demand in various markets.

Strategy for Future Growth: Diversification and Sustainability

Vale S.A. pursues a strategy of diversification and sustainability to secure future growth. The company plans to reduce its dependency on the iron ore business and strengthen its presence in other commodity markets such as nickel and copper. These metals are crucial for battery production and play a significant role in electromobility and renewable energies.

Another focus is on improving sustainability practices. Vale is investing in technologies to reduce CO2 emissions and minimize environmental impacts. The company has committed to becoming climate neutral by 2050, which is intended to be achieved through the use of renewable energies and more efficient production methods.

In addition, Vale is evaluating strategic partnerships and investments in new technologies to enhance its competitiveness and tap into new markets. These measures are aimed at fostering long-term growth and strengthening Vale's position as a leading mining company.

Imported raw materials/materials: Coal, machinery, and equipment

Main importing countries: Australia, China, USA

Vale S.A. is primarily known for its iron ore production, but the company also imports raw materials and materials necessary for its operation and production. Coal is mainly imported from Australia to support steel production. Machinery and equipment needed for mining and processing often come from the USA and China.

These imports are crucial to ensure the efficiency and productivity of Vale's mining operations. The choice of importing countries is based on the availability, quality, and cost of raw materials and materials.

Market share in the iron ore sector: 16% (2024)
EBITDA margin: 48% (2024)
Raw material production (iron ore): 315 million tons (2024)

Vale S.A. possesses a significant competitive advantage in the global mining sector, especially in the field of iron ore production. With a market share of around 16% in the iron ore sector, Vale is one of the largest producers worldwide, giving the company a strong negotiating position and cost advantages through economies of scale.

The EBITDA margin of 48% in 2024 underscores the efficiency and profitability of the company compared to many competitors. This high margin is an indicator of Vale's ability to keep its production costs low while achieving high prices for its products.

Additionally, Vale benefits from its strategic geographic location in Brazil, which allows it to cost-effectively extract and export large quantities of raw materials. Continuous investments in technology and infrastructure also strengthen the company's long-term competitiveness.

Institutional Investor Share: Approximately 55% (estimated, based on historical trends until 2023)

Insider Buys/Sells: No specific current data available (as of 2025)

The institutional investor share in Vale S.A. historically ranged from about 55% to 60%, based on the last available data until 2023. This figure can be used as an estimate for 2025, as the share of institutional investors in large, established companies often changes slowly.

There are no specific current data available for 2025 regarding insider buys or sells. However, such transactions can vary significantly from quarter to quarter and are often dependent on short-term corporate strategies or personal decisions of executives.

Market share of Vale S.A.: approx. 18% (2025, estimated)

Main competitors and their market shares:

1. BHP Group: approx. 20%
2. Rio Tinto: approx. 19%
3. Vale S.A.: approx. 18%
4. Glencore: approx. 15%
5. Anglo American: approx. 12%
6. Fortescue Metals Group: approx. 8%
7. ArcelorMittal: approx. 5%
8. Teck Resources: approx. 3%

Vale S.A. is one of the leading players in the global mining and metals sector, especially in the iron ore and nickel segments. The market share of Vale S.A. is significant, but not the largest compared to its main competitors BHP Group and Rio Tinto.

Vale S.A.'s moat mainly lies in its extensive resource base, efficient production methods, and strategic geographic location in Brazil, rich in natural resources. This allows the company to produce cost-effectively and benefit from proximity to key markets such as China.

Compared to its competitors, Vale S.A. has a strong, but not insurmountable, moat. BHP Group and Rio Tinto also have significant advantages, particularly in the diversification of their product range and global presence. These companies have also invested heavily in technology and sustainable practices, which could give them an edge in the evolving industry.

Overall, Vale S.A. has a solid moat, but they must continuously invest in innovation and sustainability to keep pace with the leading competitors and defend their market share.

Revenue growth: 8% (2024) Profit growth: 5% (2024) Debt ratio: 0.45 (2024)

Vale S.A. recorded a revenue growth of 8% in 2024, attributed to increased demand for raw materials, especially iron ore. Profit growth was at 5%, indicating that the company was able to effectively manage its costs and maintain its margins.

The debt ratio of 0.45 shows that Vale has a relatively conservative financial structure, which is advantageous in the commodity industry as it provides the company with more flexibility in times of market volatility.

Additionally, Vale has invested in sustainable projects and technologies in recent years to improve its environmental footprint. This could lead to a stronger market position in the long term, as more investors focus on ESG criteria.

Overall, the financial stability and growth potential suggest that Vale S.A. could be an attractive investment, especially for investors interested in commodity markets.

Dividend yield: 7.5% (estimated for 2025)
Dividend history: Regular payouts in recent years

Vale S.A. is known for its regular dividend payments, which have been relatively reliable in the past. The estimated dividend yield of 7.5% for the year 2025 suggests that the company continues to be able to make attractive distributions to its shareholders.

The reliability of the dividends is heavily dependent on commodity prices, especially iron ore, as they have a significant impact on Vale's revenues. However, in recent years, the company has demonstrated that it can consistently pay dividends even in volatile market conditions. Analysts expect Vale to maintain its dividend policy as long as commodity prices remain stable and the company efficiently manages its costs.