Ondas Holdings Inc., through its subsidiaries, provides private wireless, drone, and automated data solutions.
The company’s subsidiaries include Ondas Networks Inc. (Ondas Networks), Ondas Autonomous Holdings Inc. (OAH), Airobotics, Ltd (Airobotics), and American Robotics, Inc. (American Robotics or AR).
Airobotics is an Israeli-based developer of autonomous drone systems. American Robotics is a leading developer of highly automated commercial drone systems. Airobotics and American Robotics o...
Ondas Holdings Inc., through its subsidiaries, provides private wireless, drone, and automated data solutions.
The company’s subsidiaries include Ondas Networks Inc. (Ondas Networks), Ondas Autonomous Holdings Inc. (OAH), Airobotics, Ltd (Airobotics), and American Robotics, Inc. (American Robotics or AR).
Airobotics is an Israeli-based developer of autonomous drone systems. American Robotics is a leading developer of highly automated commercial drone systems. Airobotics and American Robotics operate together under OAH as a separate business unit called Ondas Autonomous Systems. Ondas Networks and Ondas Autonomous Systems together provide users in rail, energy, mining, public safety and critical infrastructure and government markets with improved connectivity, data collection capabilities, and data collection and information processing capabilities.
Segments
The company operates through Ondas Networks and Ondas Autonomous Systems.
Ondas Networks
Ondas Networks provides wireless connectivity solutions enabling mission-critical Industrial Internet applications and services. The company refers to these applications as the Mission-Critical Internet of Things (MC-IoT). The company’s wireless networking products are applicable to a wide range of MC-IoT applications, which are most often located at the very edge of large industrial networks. These applications require secure, real-time connectivity with the ability to process large amounts of data at the edge of large industrial networks. Such applications are required in all of the major critical infrastructure markets, including rail, electric grids, drones, oil and gas, and public safety, homeland security and government, where secure, reliable and fast operational decisions are required in order to improve efficiency and ensure a high degree of safety and security.
The company designs, develops, manufactures, sells and supports FullMAX, its patented, Software Defined Radio (SDR) platform for secure, licensed, private, wide-area broadband networks. The company’s customers install FullMAX systems in order to upgrade and expand their legacy wide-area network infrastructure. The company has targeted the North American freight rail operators for the initial adoption of its FullMAX platform. These rail operators operate legacy communications systems utilizing serial-based narrowband wireless technologies for voice and data communications. These legacy wireless networks have limited data capacity and are unable to support the adoption of new, intelligent train control and management systems. The company’s MC-IoT intellectual property has been adopted by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), the leading worldwide standards body in data networking protocols, and forms the core of the IEEE 802.16 standard. Because standards-based communications solutions are preferred by its mission-critical customers and ecosystem partners, the company continues to take a leadership position in IEEE as it relates to wireless networking for industrial markets. The freight rail operators through the Association of American Railroads (AAR) and its advisory subsidiary MxV Rail have adopted the IEEE 802.16 standard for future private wireless networks.
The company’s software-based FullMAX platform is an important and timely upgrade solution for privately-owned and operated wireless wide-area networks, leveraging Internet Protocol-based communications to provide more reliability and data capacity for its mission-critical infrastructure customers. In addition to offering enhanced data throughput, FullMAX is an intelligent networking platform enabling the adoption of sophisticated operating systems and equipment supporting next-generation MC-IoT applications over wide field areas.
Ondas Autonomous Systems
Ondas Autonomous Systems business unit develops and integrates drone-based solutions focusing on high-performance critical applications for government and Tier-1 commercial enterprises. Ondas is marketing comprehensive drone-based solutions to address the needs of governmental and commercial customers based on its commercially available platforms: the Optimus System, a fully autonomous drone platform capable of continuous and multipurpose aerial data capturing and analytics, and the Iron Drone Raider, a fully autonomous interceptor drone designed to neutralize small hostile drones.
The company’s unique, fully autonomous platforms enable cutting-edge aerial capabilities and are designed to serve and protect critical infrastructure and operations. The company’s business focuses on end-user entities in Public Safety, Defense, Homeland Security, Smart City, Port Authorities, State Departments, and other governmental entities together with commercial customers of industrial sensitive facilities, such as Oil & Gas, Seaports, Mining, and Heavy Construction. For these industries, Ondas Autonomous Systems provides specialized real-time aerial data capturing and aerial protection solutions in the most complex environments, such as urban areas, sensitive and critical facilities and field area operations, and high-priority projects. In addition, the company offers a wide suite of supplementary, enabling services for successful implementation, such as AI data analytics, data automation, IT implementation, safety planning, certification, training, and maintenance, handling all the complex aspects of such high-performance drone operations.
The company’s portfolio companies, American Robotics and Airobotics, form a unique, powerful, and synergistic combination covering all the aspects required for successful Aerospace business together with data technologies and services for digital transformation industries. The company’s companies are specialized in addressing all the challenges arising along these types of product lifecycles, including research and development, manufacturing, certification, and ongoing support.
Ondas Autonomous Systems and its portfolio companies have already gained a track record of industry-leading regulatory successes including the securing of the first-of-its-kind Type Certification (TC) from the FAA for the Optimus 1-EX UAV on September 25, 2023, becoming the first autonomous security data capture UAV to achieve this distinction. TC, recognized as the highest echelon of Airworthiness Certification, streamline operational approvals for broad flight operations over people and infrastructure. The certification verifies the compliance of the system’s design with the required FAA airworthiness and noise standards, ensuring safe operation within the US National Airspace System (NAS) thereby significantly broadening the range of operational scenarios and scaling up of operations for automated UAS. Achieving FAA Type Certification will enable drone operations beyond-visual-line-of-sight (BVLOS) without a human operator on-site.
Partnership with Siemens and Market Advancements
Ondas Networks and Siemens Mobility (Siemens) have a strategic partnership to both market its FullMAX-based networking technology and services and to jointly develop wireless communications products for the North American Rail Industry based on Siemens’ Advanced Train Control System (ATCS) protocol and its FullMAX MC-IoT platform.
The company has a jointly-developed product with Siemens – the dual-mode ATCS/MC-IoT radio systems, and Siemens is marketing and selling its proprietary systems under the brand name Airlink to its railroad customers. The dual-mode ATCS radio systems support Siemens’ extensive installed base of ATCS radios as well as offer Siemens’ customers the ability to support a host of new advanced rail applications utilizing its MC-IoT wireless system. These new applications, including Advanced Grade Crossing Activation and Monitoring, Wayside Inspection, Railcar Monitoring and next generation signaling and train control systems, are designed to increase railroad productivity, reduce costs and improve safety. In addition, Siemens markets and sells Ondas Networks’ standalone MC-IoT 802.16 products under the Siemens Airlink brand.
Ondas and Siemens developed a new locomotive radio to support European Railroads. The company secured an initial volume order from Siemens for the Class I Rail 900 MHz Network consisting of both ATCS compatible products along with Ondas’ catalog products. The company received government authorization to sell ATCS radios in Canada and Siemens and launched its joint effort for the European market at Innotrans in Berlin. In addition, the company has developed a new radio for the Head of Train (HOT) Market in North America and a similar product for the Indian rail market. Siemens has received initial orders for the HOT product from a customer in India.
In March 2023 the AAR formally announced that IEEE 802.16 standard would be the wireless platform for the greenfield 900 MHz network. In April 2023, the American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association (AREMA) voted to require the use of 802.16 in the 900 MHz greenfield band; the AAR also confirmed they have agreed with the Federal Communications Committee to retire the legacy 900 MHz band by September 2025 and that the wireless network in the new 900 MHz band would be substantially built by April 2026. In May and June 2023, the company responded to RFPs to passenger rail customers in the Northeast Corridor. In February 2024, Ondas received an order from Siemens to develop and supply the next generation ACSES PTC data radio in the 220 MHz frequency band to be designed specifically for the Northeast Corridor which includes integration of Ondas’ IEEE 802.16 capability.
Strategy
The key elements of the company’s growth strategy are to deliver multiple North American Class I Railroad network opportunities through its FullMAX platform; expand fleet deployments of its Optimus System in the US by marketing solutions to the government and commercial markets, focusing on critical infrastructure and public safety applications first, to overcome the drone industry’s regulatory and operational barriers and extend its first-mover advantage; expand fleet deployments of its Optimus System worldwide by leveraging new distribution partners - new international markets with partners the company has announced worldwide; expand its offering to the defense sector in the US and worldwide marketing based on its Iron Drone Raider platform and Optimus System; and expand its industrial wireless and autonomous drone solutions via additional partnerships, joint ventures, or acquisitions.
Business Model
Ondas Networks
The company sells its FullMAX MC-IoT wireless products and services globally through a direct sales force and value-added sales partners to industrial and critical infrastructure providers, including major rail operators, with growth opportunities in other markets, such as commercial and industrial drone operators, electric and gas utilities, water and wastewater utilities, oil and gas producers and pipeline operators, and for other critical infrastructure applications in areas, such as public safety, homeland security and defense, and transportation. The company continues to develop its value-added reseller relationships which today include a strategic partnership with Siemens for the development of new types of wireless connectivity for the North American Rail market, as well as selected global markets in both Europe and Asia.
The company’s FullMAX platform is software-defined and offers customers flexibility to expand capacity and evolve network utilization. Similarly, its ecosystem partners often integrate its FullMAX software and wireless capability into their own long-lived equipment and systems which their customers purchase and deploy. The company’s monetization strategies include:
Systems Sales: The company’s FullMAX deployments are typically large, mission-critical wide-area networks deployed and privately operated by its industrial and government customers. These end-to-end system deployments involve sales consisting of both base stations and edge radio end points with embedded FullMAX software and network management software and tools.
Software and Hardware Maintenance Agreements: The company’s customers contract with it for extended software and hardware maintenance which provide them with critical ongoing support for their installed network. These contracts provide revenue to the company in the year following an initial installation. Software maintenance licenses entitle the customer to ongoing software and security upgrades as well as enabling the provision of additional system features. Similarly, hardware maintenance programs provide customers with extended equipment warranty terms for an installed network.
These arrangements allow the company’s customers to continue to maintain a modern, flexible and upgradeable network over a long period of time. These agreements may extend for multiple years given the long average life of the installed and growing network.
Licensing / Royalties: In certain system deployments, its ecosystem partners may choose to embed FullMAX software into their own hardware and software platforms providing the company with an ongoing per device multi-year revenue stream.
Other Services: The company provides ancillary services directly related to the sale of its wireless communications products which include wireless network design, systems engineering, radio frequency planning, software configuration, product training, installation, and onsite support. Furthermore, the company also provides engineering and product development services to ecosystem partners who are interested in integrating their intelligent equipment with its FullMAX SDR platform and need its expertise to do so.
Ondas Autonomous Systems
Ondas Autonomous Systems markets aerial solutions based on its Optimus System and Iron Drone Raider platforms via direct sales to enterprises and government customers. Additionally, Ondas Autonomous Systems utilizes channel marketing strategies, building a network of partners and agents to distribute its solutions. The company focuses on identifying and qualifying large, sophisticated customers with active drone programs who have the ability and intent to expand those programs and eventually deploy fleets of automated drones across their portfolio of assets. The company’s unique value proposition is based on its core strategic capability to provide holistic solutions, being a trusted one-stop-shop for major entities, and de-risking innovative complex drone implementation processes.
After initial customer qualification, contracting and the receipt of a purchase order, the company ships and installs its platforms and solutions on the customer premises. The company’s field service personnel remain on location for a short period of time to ensure the programmed automated drone operations are meeting customer and regulatory requirements and implemented successfully on-prem, on-time and on-budget.
The company offers its solutions in several business models designated to allow the required flexibility and benefits for its customers and creating recurring revenues and organic growth within its accounts:
Drone Infrastructure and Data-as-a-Service (DaaS) – This model is the typical agreement the company has with its customers. The company’s Optimus System based solutions can be provided under a DaaS agreement where the company bundles hardware, software, operations, and maintenance into one annual subscription fee. The company installs the Optimus Systems as a fixed aerial infrastructure on premises or areas serving one or multiple customers on a flexible consumption business model allowing end users to procure aerial and data services over the drone network in the area. This model is applicable in two major scenarios:
Owner/Operator Model – For example, an agreement with a construction site owner/operator as the central user of the services with additional aerial data services to subcontractors and tenants of the construction site. The site owner/operator will use the drone infrastructure for progress remote monitoring and planed-vs-built applications, and in addition will allow more services to the site’s tenants and sub-contractors such as monitoring and inspection and data collection use cases. In many instances, multiple customers will subscribe for each unique service.
Joint-Venture Model - For example, when entering an urban industrial area and deploying the drone infrastructure in partnership with an established local governmental or commercial entity and providing data service to the entity and to third party customers in the region creating recurring revenue by increasing the amount and type of service provided over to drone network.
Direct Sales & Service - The company’s Optimus System and Iron Drone Raider platforms can be purchased and be owned and operated by its end users or resellers via partnerships or joint ventures with third party drone services providers. These types of agreements typically include arrangements for ongoing services, including training and maintenance. System purchases can be preferred by certain public safety and homeland security customers directly or via distribution through value-added resellers and partners.
Products and Services
Ondas Networks
Ondas Networks has developed a next-generation radio platform specifically to meet the evolving data needs of large industrial and government customers and markets. These markets are differentiated from consumer markets in that the customers assets are dispersed over very wide and remote geographies with specific challenges to installation, maintenance, and upgrades. These challenges led the company to design a new type of software-based radio platform capable of supporting a long useful life to the network hardware. Instead of using low cost, off the shelf, dedicated communications chipsets (ASICs), the company selected powerful programmable embedded general-purpose processors, DSPs, and FPGAs, all of which are software upgradable. The company’s software defined radio (SDR) architecture allows it to customize almost any aspect of the air interface protocol, the key components of which are patented and have been incorporated into new IEEE wireless standards. The ability to constantly improve customer networks and hosted software applications with flexible, over-the-air software upgrade helps create customer loyalty and creates high switching costs.
The company’s FullMAX SDR platform is designed to enable highly secure and reliable industrial-grade connectivity for truly mission-critical applications. An end-to-end FullMAX network consists of connected wireless base stations, fixed and mobile edge radios and supporting technology all enabled by critical software developed and owned by Ondas Networks. The Fog-computing capability integrated in its end-to-end FullMAX SDR platform, primarily through docker container technology, is valued by its customers and ecosystem partners as they seek to leverage the value of MC-IoT applications for improved safety, efficiency, and profitability. The company’s IEEE 802.16s compliant equipment is designed to optimize the performance of unused or underutilized VHF / UHF low frequencies licensed radio spectrum and narrower channels. The company do this through various patented software algorithms including via spectrum harvesting techniques, which aggregate narrowband channels to create increased broadband network capacity. The company’s channel aggregation algorithms include the ability to aggregate hard to utilize, non-contiguous narrowband channels and are a hallmark feature of a FullMAX broadband system.
The critical software algorithms powering the company’s end-to-end FullMAX wireless SDR platform and related Fog-computing architecture have been developed by and are owned by Ondas Networks. FullMAX is an intelligent networking system which integrates core network management systems with edge computing resources, including computing hardware and MC-IoT software applications. In the MC-IoT Fog enabled by FullMAX, base stations are enabled with a highly configurable Quality of Service algorithms which coordinate the data traffic within the Fog for both the edge radio and the resident MC-IoT applications. The intelligent base stations control and manage all network resources, including its edge remotes; dynamically allocating bandwidth, prioritizing data packets and managing edge applications. The intelligent software-managed base stations determine whether to process data at the edge, distribute data traffic across the Fog to other edge remote radios or to transport information to the corporate Cloud. The company’s Edge remotes have embedded compute capability and are able to host MC-IoT applications including those from third party vendors via virtualized software systems managed in docker / container architectures and can also manage data from intelligent equipment or sensor networks that interface with the edge remotes in the field. The company’s software-managed edge remotes offer security via authentication, multi-layer encryption and virtual software firewalls which are requirements for mission-critical data networks.
The company is dedicated to promoting standards-based wireless connectivity solutions for its customers. The company’s FullMAX platform is compliant with the mission critical wireless Industrial Internet IEEE 802.16. Since 2017, the specifications in the IEEE 802.16 standard are primarily based on its FullMAX technology, and many of its customers and industrial partners actively support its technology during the IEEE standards-making process. In January 2020, a new working group was launched by the IEEE to establish IEEE 802.16t, a further evolution of this wireless standard. The IEEE 802.16t working group includes industry-leading trade organizations such as the Association of American Railroads (AAR), MxV Rail (MxV Rail), the Utilities Technology Council (UTC) and the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), as well as representation from world-leading transportation and oil and gas companies. IEEE 802.16t has received approval to be incorporated into the standard, which is expected to be published in 2024. This new version of the standard has incorporated many new critical functionalities including support for software control/coordinate base stations and direct peer to peer (DPP) connections. The company expects its technology to remain a prominent feature of this evolving standard.
Ondas Autonomous Systems
The company provides its customers with turnkey data and security aerial solutions designed to meet their unique requirements in complex environments. The company’s solutions combine its platforms the Optimus System and Iron Drone Raider together with a wide suite of supplementary services to insure successful deployment and integration of the solution on-prem.
The Optimus System
The Optimus System is a fully autonomous drone platform capable of continuous and multipurpose drone operations for various applications. As one of the world’s first drone-in-a-box type drone, the Optimus System™, is marketed as an Aerial Drone Infrastructure. The Optimus System is deployed for aerial data collection and analysis for security, surveillance, and supervision in governmental and commercial end markets. The Optimus System provides a cutting-edge solution to various use cases of public safety, security, industrial Smart City and other critical operations. The platform enables routine high-resolution on-demand aerial response, together with automated aerial mapping, surveying, and inspection capabilities, which are highly valued in the relevant digital transformation and Gov-Tech markets, such as Public Services, Oil & Gas, Infrastructure, heavy construction, Rail and Ports and more.
The Optimus System consists of Optimus, a highly automated, AI-powered drone with advanced imaging payloads; the Airbase, a ruggedized weatherproof base station for housing, battery swapping, battery charging, payload swapping, data processing, and cloud transfer; and Insightful, a secure web portal and API which enables remote interaction with the system, data, and resulting analytics anywhere in the world. These major subsystems are connected via a host of supporting technologies. Airbase has internal robotic systems that enable the automated swapping of batteries and payloads. Automated battery swapping allows for 24/7 operation of Optimus as the Optimus drone can immediately be redeployed after returning to the dock for a battery swap. Similarly, the ability to autonomously swap sensors and advanced payloads without human intervention allows for the Optimus System to provide multiple applications and use cases from a single location.
The company designs, develops and manufactures the Optimus System, an autonomous drone platform, providing high-fidelity, ultra-high-resolution aerial security and data collection and analysis to enterprise and government customers. The company prioritizes the marketing of its Optimus System which provides customers with turnkey aerial security and data collection services and the ability to continuously digitize, analyze, and monitor their assets and field operations in real-time or near real-time.
The Optimus System has been designed from the ground up as an end-to-end product capable of continuous unattended operations in the real world. Powered by innovations in robotics automation, machine vision, edge computing, and AI. Once installed in the field at customer locations, a fleet of connected Optimus Systems, which are often deployed as networked drone infrastructure, remains indefinitely positioned in an area of operation, automatically collecting, and seamlessly delivering security, data and information regularly and reliably.
The Iron Drone Raider System
In March 2023, Airobotics acquired the assets of Iron Drone Ltd, an Israeli counter-drone company, and fully integrated its team and technology into the company.
The company offer The Iron Drone Raider system, which is a state-of-the-art counter-drone solution designed to counter small drones as they are a growing threat in many defense, homeland security, and public safety aspects. As a cutting-edge technology, it is specifically marketed to military, government, and enterprise customers, offering robust defense and security for critical infrastructure, valuable assets, and human lives.
The Iron Drone Raider consists of a docking station and intercepting drones and can be integrated into any mobile drone detection system. The heart of the Raider lies in its level of autonomy, allowing it to fly without GPS, day, or night, and safely neutralize small suspicious drones with minimal collateral damage, lowering them to the ground with a designated parachute. The system uses AI technologies and onboard cameras and computers to enable it to detect and intercept unauthorized or hostile drones effectively, capable of addressing multiple hostile drone targets simultaneously. It can seamlessly integrate with various existing drone detection systems, making it adaptable and versatile for different operational contexts.
During 2023 the company upgraded the Iron Drone Raider system to address the needs of the Israel defense industries market and end users to support the efforts of protecting military and civil operations against the threat of small kamikaze and surveillance hostile drones.
Ondas Autonomous Systems Services
Ondas Autonomous Systems provides specialized real-time aerial data capturing and analytics together with aerial protection services based on its systems. In addition, the company offers a wide suite of supplementary enabling services for successful implementation and customization, such as AI data analytics, data automation, IT implementation, safety planning, certification, training, and maintenance, handling all the complex aspects of such high-performance drone operations. This unique combination makes its enterprise a one-stop-shop of visionary drone installations.
Certification and Aviation Regulatory Services. American Robotics and Airobotics have industry leading regulatory successes which include having the first drone system approved by the FAA for automated operation BVLOS without a human operator or visual observer on-site. American Robotics’ FAA approvals were enabled by integrating a suite of proprietary technologies, including Detect-and-Avoid (DAA) and other proprietary intelligent safety systems into its autonomous drone platform, which the company plans to integrate into the Optimus System. The company’s regulatory team has been working closely with Civil Aviation Authorities worldwide since 2016 to explore new and innovative approaches for approving complex automated BVLOS flights over people. The company’s regulatory strategy has consistently proven successful, leading to numerous pioneering regulatory accomplishments worldwide, cementing its position as a leader in the global drone industry. The company’s team of experts actively participates in rule-making advisory committees, drone associations, and maintains direct communication with regulators in each country the company operates in. The company is committed to staying ahead of the curve in terms of drone regulations and compliance. Working with the company allows customers to certify and coordinate complicated drone operations with regulators worldwide.
Training, Maintenance and Remote Operations: American Robotics and Airobotics have gained substantial experience in drone operations worldwide. This includes training, maintenance and remote operations services. The company’s operational teams are highly qualified in all of the drone operation roles, including drone piloting, training, and maintenance. As an aerospace developer, manufacturer, and operator its operational capabilities enable its customers to overcome many operational challenges and reach operational readiness fast.
Implementation and Customization: American Robotics and Airobotics have gained substantial experience in implementation and customization of its solutions to its customers. The company offers support and engineering services to its customers in order to successfully integrate its aerial platforms with the highest levels of both automation and data security, quickly and efficiently.
The Market for Products and Services
Ondas Networks
The company has targeted the North American freight rail operators for the initial adoption of its FullMAX platform. These rail operators operate legacy communications systems utilizing serial-based narrowband wireless technologies for voice and data communications. These legacy wireless networks have limited data capacity and are unable to support the adoption of new, intelligent train control and management systems. In addition to data capacity challenges, rail operators need to reliably cover the vast and often remotely located rail track and related infrastructure which extends nationwide. The rail operators require a next-generation, robust broadband system with significantly increased data throughput capacity and flexibility to adopt new applications.
The North American Rail Network is vast in scale, consisting of 140,000 miles of track, 25,000 locomotives, and 1.6 million railcars. The Class I railroads operate four separate private wireless networks in support of train operations. Those networks are deployed using spectrum in the 160 MHz, 220 MHz, 450 MHz and 900 MHz bands. The company’s FullMAX MC-IoT platform offers an excellent migration path for these applications. The Class I Railroads value the ability of its frequency agnostic SDR architecture to enable a substantial data capacity increase utilizing the railroad’s existing wireless infrastructure and dedicated FCC licensed radio frequencies, as well as the flexibility to adapt to and take advantage of future changes in spectrum availability, as well as future business and operational requirements.
Ondas Autonomous Systems
The TAM comprises the potential value of Ondas’ Optimus System in the global civil and military UAV market and in the drone services market and the addressable market of the Iron-Drone Raider system in the Counter-Unmanned Aircraft Systems (C-UAS) markets.
Research and Development
The company’s research and development expenses were approximately $17,145,000 for the year ended December 31, 2023.
Intellectual Property
As of December 31, 2023, the Ondas Networks segment held a total of seven issued patents in the U.S., three international issued patents, four pending patent applications in the U.S., and nine international pending patent applications. The Ondas Networks segment’s patents expire between 2029 and 2040, subject to any patent extensions that may be available for such patents. The company’s intellectual property centers around creating and maintaining robust, private, highly secure, broadband industrial wireless networks using its FullMAX radio technology for its mission critical customers’ networks. The company views the Ondas Networks segment’s patents as a key strategic advantage as the markets for industrial wireless connectivity grows and as these industries move to standardized solutions.
The Ondas Autonomous Systems segment relies primarily on patent, trademark and trade secret laws to protect its proprietary technologies and intellectual property. As of December 31, 2023, the Ondas Autonomous Systems segment held a total of six issued patents in the U.S., 22 international issued patents, and five international pending patent application. The Ondas Autonomous Systems segment’s patents expire between 2034 and 2048, subject to any patent extensions that may be available for such patents. The Ondas Autonomous Systems segment’s intellectual property incorporates internally developed software and hardware design incorporating machine and computer vision and was developed with artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques.
Governmental Regulations
The company’s operations are subject to various federal, state and local laws and regulations including authorization from the FCC and other global communications regulators for operation in various licensed frequency bands; FAA and other global Civil Aviation Authority regulations and approvals unique to the operation of commercial or industrial drones; customers’ licenses from the FCC; licensing, permitting and inspection requirements applicable to contractors, electricians and engineers; regulations relating to worker safety and environmental protection; permitting and inspection requirements applicable to construction projects; wage and hour regulations; regulations relating to transportation of equipment and materials, including licensing and permitting requirements; building and electrical codes; and special bidding, procurement and other requirements on government projects.
