Robinhood Markets, Inc. (Robinhood) is creating a modern financial services platform.
The company uses technology to provide access to the financial system in a way that is simple and convenient for its customers. It started with a revolutionary, bold brand and design in the Robinhood app, which makes investing approachable for millions. The company builds relationships with its customers by introducing new products and diversifying its services that further expand access to the financial syste...
Robinhood Markets, Inc. (Robinhood) is creating a modern financial services platform.
The company uses technology to provide access to the financial system in a way that is simple and convenient for its customers. It started with a revolutionary, bold brand and design in the Robinhood app, which makes investing approachable for millions. The company builds relationships with its customers by introducing new products and diversifying its services that further expand access to the financial system, including focusing on products and tools for more seasoned investors. Through these efforts, the company has made investing culturally relevant and understandable, and that its platform is enabling its customers to become long-term investors and take greater control of their finances.
Products and Features
The company understands that millions of its customers have used Robinhood to enter the financial markets for the first time, and the company takes its responsibility to them seriously. The company is passionate about operating Robinhood in a way that aligns with customer interests, applicable regulations, and with its own mission to democratize finance for all. The company continues to create an ecosystem of financial products and services that will enable people across the world to become investors. The company’s products can transform the relationship people have with the financial system and that the products on its roadmap will go a long way toward making that a reality.
The company began by offering its customers the ability to buy and sell equities on a mobile-first platform and has since continued to expand its offerings to add new asset classes, products, and features, while also growing internationally to better serve its customers. The company designed its mobile platform to be an elegant, intuitive investing interface that provides its customers with trading functionality and market information, such as historical prices, valuation multiples, recent news, analyst ratings, advanced charts, and more. During the fourth quarter of 2024, the company introduced Robinhood Legend. Built specifically for active traders, Robinhood Legend is a new, powerful, sleek browser-based desktop trading platform that is fully customizable and available at no additional cost to anyone with a Robinhood account. The company is in the process of scaling Robinhood Legend to all supported asset classes and capabilities, with the intention of making it the most state-of-the-art desktop platform for trading.
Each capability the company has added has been the result of a continuous focus on its customers’ needs and feedback, which has guided its product development decisions throughout its history.
The core tenet of the Robinhood offering—expanding access to its financial system through products that empower people to learn, participate, and grow—underpins each of its offerings. The company remains focused on building the best products and ultimately aims to serve all of its customers’ financial needs.
Brokerage
The United States
Investing. The company's platforms allow its customers to invest commission-free in the U.S.-listed stocks and exchange-traded funds (‘ETFs’), as well as related options and American Depository Receipts (‘ADR’).
Options Trading. The company reviews eligibility for its customers who wish to trade options, including disclosure of investment experience and knowledge, investment objectives, and financial information. Subject to approval from Robinhood, customers can access basic options strategies (Level 2), which permits buying calls and puts and selling covered calls and puts, or more advanced options strategies (Level 3), which permits fixed-risk spreads (such as credit spreads and iron condors) and other advanced trading strategies, depending on their individually disclosed preparedness. The company conducts regular reviews of its customers’ eligibility and takes action to revoke access to trading options as appropriate, to ensure its customers are accessing the level of options strategies that are appropriate for them based on information, such as their trading experience, investment objectives, and financial situation.
Fractional Trading. Fractional trading allows customers to invest in fractions of a share of stock, rather than requiring them to buy and sell whole shares. This service enables customers to build a diversified portfolio regardless of their budget and removes a barrier to investing in higher-priced stocks, thereby providing access to a much greater selection of equities with as little as $1.
Recurring Investments. The company's recurring investment feature enables its customers to automatically buy shares of equities and certain ETFs on a set schedule, allowing them to build positions over time and establish regular investing habits, even with small contributions. Its customers can also elect to automatically reinvest dividend income back into the underlying respective shares.
Access to Investing on Margin. Subject to approval upon meeting eligibility criteria set by Robinhood, customers can invest on margin. This allows eligible customers to borrow a limited amount of funds from Robinhood to use as additional investing capital. Robinhood decides whether to extend margin to each customer who applies for access based on information regarding customer activity, portfolio equity or net worth criteria, investment objectives, and investing experience reported by the customer. In 2024, the company began to offer a tiered margin structure where customers now receive a single low interest rate based on their total margin balance, replacing the floating interest rate that was offered previously.
Fully-Paid Securities Lending. Under its Fully-Paid Securities Lending program (‘Fully-Paid Securities Lending’), a customer can earn passive income on their stock portfolio once they give Robinhood permission to lend out any fully paid stocks in their portfolio. Robinhood does the work of finding interested borrowers, and customers get paid a share of the interest revenue earned when their shares have been loaned to borrowers.
Cash Sweep. The company's cash sweep program (‘Cash Sweep’) provides additional value to its brokerage customers by allowing them to earn interest on uninvested brokerage cash swept to its partner banks. The interest compounds daily and is then paid out by the partner banks monthly, with customers able to track how much they’ve earned directly within the app. Cash deposited at these banks is eligible for Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (‘FDIC’) insurance.
Instant Withdrawals. The company's instant withdrawals feature enables eligible customers to withdraw money from their Robinhood accounts and instantly deposit it to their bank accounts or debit cards with a fee.
Robinhood Retirement. The company is making it easy and accessible to start saving for retirement through a traditional Individual Retirement Account (‘IRA’) or Roth IRA and is expanding options for the growing population of freelance and gig workers without access to employer-based matching programs. Customers’ eligible contributions to their retirement account can earn a percentage match by Robinhood, subject to a five-year holding period. Customers can also get a custom recommended portfolio, build their own, or do both, all commission-free.
24 Hour Market. The company was the first U.S. broker to offer around-the-clock trading of individual stocks, 24 hours a day, 5 days a week. It also offers around-the-clock trading of ETFs. This allows its customers to better manage their risk and take advantage of opportunities, no matter what time of day they arise.
Joint Investing Accounts. The company's joint investing accounts allow customers to seamlessly manage investments with their partner while keeping their shared assets in one place. The joint account provides shared access for account holders that allows them to combine funds and increase their investment power as they work towards their financial goals. Gold Subscribers can also extend certain Robinhood Gold benefits to a joint account at no additional cost.
Event Contracts. An event contract is a type of financial derivative that allows traders to speculate on the outcome of a specific event. These contracts are generally structured around ‘Yes’ or ‘No’ outcomes, and fluctuate in price based on the projected outcome of the event. Event contracts then pay out if the position held matches the correct outcome of the event; otherwise, they expire with no value. Event contracts are offered through the company's Futures Commission Merchant (‘FCM’) license regulated by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (‘CFTC’). During the fourth quarter of 2024, the company was one of the only companies offering presidential election event contracts for the U.S. presidential election, which allowed customers to trade based on their prediction for which candidate would win the election.
Futures. A futures contract is a legal agreement between two parties to buy or sell a set amount of an asset at an agreed-upon future date with the price set today. The company started to make futures trading available to customers beginning January 2025 and expects full availability to all customers in the first quarter of 2025. Its futures trading allows customers to trade stock indexes, energy, currency, metals, and crypto at the speed of a tap with its sleek new trading ladder, while gaining access to potential tax benefits and one of the lowest commission rates among leading competitors. In addition, its futures trading has no pattern day trading rules.
The United Kingdom
In 2024, the company began to offer most of its brokerage services to customers in the U.K. through Robinhood U.K. Ltd (‘RHUK’), using a separate mobile application that is only available to eligible users in the U.K. Brokerage services available to its U.K. customers include commission-free trading on the U.S.-listed stocks and ADR, option trading, fractional share trading, recurring investments, investing on margin, Fully-Paid Securities Lending, Cash Sweep, and 24 Hour Market. The company plans to continue expanding its U.K. brokerage product offering in 2025.
Robinhood Crypto
The United States
The company offers cryptocurrency trading in the United States through Robinhood Crypto, LLC (‘RHC’). It has expanded its coverage to Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands, achieving full coverage across all U.S. states and the largest territories. Customers trading in the Robinhood app can choose to have orders routed to non-exchange liquidity providers (‘market makers’) commission-free, or through exchange liquidity providers (‘partner exchanges’) via smart exchange routing for a fee. Orders placed on Robinhood Legend are all routed to the partner exchanges via smart exchange routing.
The company also offers commission-free crypto recurring investments, allowing customers to automatically buy crypto on a schedule of their choice. This feature allows customers to build positions in their favorite cryptocurrencies over time. As an agent, it routes all cryptocurrency transactions initiated by customers to third-party market makers or exchange liquidity providers. It never acts as a counterparty to its users’ buy or sell transactions. The company offers cryptocurrency transfers (‘Crypto Transfers’), allowing customers to transfer cryptocurrency into and out of their RHC accounts without commission, where eligible. Additionally, it provides real-time market data for certain cryptocurrencies, including those that are not supported on RHC’s platform, for informational purposes only.
With Robinhood Connect, a fiat-to-crypto on-ramp tool that developers can embed directly into their decentralized applications, customers can fund Web3 wallets without the need to leave decentralized applications, or dApps. This avenue also benefits developers by being able to quickly embed the feature directly into their dApps, allowing their customers to use Robinhood Crypto to buy and transfer crypto, and fund their self-custody wallets.
The company also launched the Robinhood Crypto Trading API to its most seasoned crypto traders, which can be used to set up advanced and automated trading strategies that allow them to stay ahead of market trends, react to significant market movements, or simply trade crypto—all without needing to open the Robinhood app.
European Union
The company offers cryptocurrency trading in select jurisdictions within the European Union (the ‘EU’) through Robinhood Europe, UAB (‘RHEU’) using a separate mobile application that is only available to eligible users in the EU. Eligible users in select jurisdictions in the EU can buy, sell, and hold select cryptocurrencies through RHEU. The company charges users a commission each time a user decides to buy or sell certain cryptocurrencies in the EU.
The company offers staking exclusively for EU customers on selected cryptocurrencies. Staking allows customers to earn rewards by locking up the cryptocurrencies, subject to the network and cryptocurrency’s requirements and bonding periods. In 2024, the company also made Crypto Transfers available in the EU, giving EU customers greater flexibility and control over their digital assets.
Custody
The company holds all settled cryptocurrencies in custody on behalf of customers in two types of wallets: (i) hot wallets, which are managed online, and (ii) offline cold wallets, which require physical access controls. Its wallets store and transfer all the settled digital assets listed above using an architecture combining multi-party computation and hardware security to eliminate a single point of failure. The company does not utilize third-party custodians for settled cryptocurrencies, but it does integrate proprietary technology from a third-party industry-standard vendor into the systems it uses to support the custody, transfer, and settlement operations to its wallets. In general, the overwhelming majority of cryptocurrency coins on its platforms are held in cold storage, in facilities located in the United States and in the EU with physical security systems.
The company maintains custody of its customers’ cryptocurrencies in omnibus wallets on behalf and for the benefit of its customers. Following the purchase of cryptocurrencies from liquidity providers, cryptocurrencies are delivered to the secure omnibus wallet, or in the case of a net sell, cryptocurrencies are moved from such wallet to the liquidity provider’s account. It has implemented strict operational protocols and permissions for cryptocurrency movement with its internal operational team to restrict access to customer wallets, and tightly control the movement of cryptocurrencies. More than one person is required to initiate and approve each large transfer, and only a small group of higher-level employees have the necessary privileges to add and authorize new addresses or to release proceeds from wallets. Access to cryptocurrency transfer interfaces is strictly controlled and requires hardware two-factor authentication to log in. To help ensure its security system functions as designed, its systems undergo security audits and are regularly subject to penetration testing.
The company maintains a ledger of customers’ ownership and account balances of cryptocurrencies. Additionally, the company’s accounting and crypto operations team has established internal control procedures and maintains records to verify the total quantity of each cryptocurrency it custody for its customers that are held in the omnibus wallets. Such controls are periodically tested by the company’s internal financial compliance team.
The company does not hold significant amounts of cryptocurrency for its own account. The small amounts of cryptocurrency assets it holds are purchased to solely support its business operations, and it does not commingle cryptocurrencies with those of its users. The company does not engage in lending transactions with cryptocurrencies held on behalf of customers. It does not seek to profit from proprietary trading and only facilitates customer transactions. In addition, it has anti-money laundering and insider trading programs intended in part to prevent self-dealing and other potential conflicts of interest, including with respect to its cryptocurrency services.
Robinhood Wallet
Separately from RHC and RHEU, the company offers a self-custody, web3 wallet (the ‘Robinhood Wallet’) in over 150 countries through its Cayman Islands subsidiary, Robinhood Non-Custodial Ltd., that allows customers to deposit and withdraw cryptocurrencies to and from their wallets. Customers can store and manage cryptocurrencies on the Ethereum, Bitcoin, Solana, Dogecoin, Arbitrum, Polygon, Optimism, and Base networks. The Robinhood Wallet gives customers full control over their cryptocurrencies, which means they hold and maintain the private key to their assets, and does not collect any portion of network or ‘gas’ fees imposed by the applicable network. The Robinhood Wallet is a software application that users must access via a separate application. Neither RHC nor RHEU custody any Robinhood Wallet assets.
Robinhood Gold
The company’s subscription service grants subscribers access to a number of premium features. After an initial 30-day free trial, subscribers pay a flat recurring rate. The premium features offered to Gold subscribers include:
Higher Interest on Cash Sweep. Subscribers can earn a higher interest rate on the cash swept to participating banks compared to users who do not subscribe to Gold.
Higher Match on IRA Contribution. Subscribers can earn a higher percentage match of 3% on eligible contributions compared to users who do not subscribe to Gold.
Bigger Instant Deposits. Subscribers can immediately access $5,000 to $50,000 of their deposit, depending on their brokerage account balance and status, instantly so they can invest that portion of their deposit right away.
Access to Investing on Margin. No interest is charged on the first $1,000 in margin borrowed by each Robinhood Gold subscriber.
Lower Contract Fees or Commissions. Subscribers can trade index options at a lower contract fee or futures with lower commissions charged compared to customers who do not subscribe to Gold.
Professional Research. Subscribers have unlimited access to in-depth stock research reports provided by Morningstar.
Advanced Market Data. Subscribers have the ability to see greater depth of orders for any given stock or option with Level II Market Data from Nasdaq. The ability to see multiple buy and sell requests helps subscribers understand the availability or desire for a stock at a certain price.
Robinhood Gold Card
The Robinhood Gold Card is offered under a program agreement (‘Program Agreement’) between Robinhood Credit, Inc. (‘Robinhood Credit’) and Coastal Community Bank (‘Coastal Bank’), a member of the FDIC. There are no annual fees, and no foreign transaction fees. The Robinhood Gold Card is exclusively for qualified Gold Subscribers and offers rewards on each eligible purchase, which are redeemable for travel, gift cards, and shopping, or can be instantly transferred to a Robinhood Gold Card user's brokerage account to invest, earn interest, or withdraw. Robinhood Gold Card users can manage their card activities via a separate mobile application, the Robinhood Credit Card app.
Education
The company has been expanding financial educational resources on the Robinhood Learn website for anyone to access, as well as in-app education for its customers.
The company offers a variety of ways for its customers to grow their financial knowledge:
Robinhood Learn. Robinhood Learn is an online collection of guides, feature tutorials, and an extensive financial dictionary available to anyone. It is designed to provide people with a breadth of financial education and is regularly updated to ensure it provides timely and relevant information for anyone to learn and grow.
In-App Education. The company's in-app education resources cover investing fundamentals, including why people invest, a stock market overview, and tips on how to define investing goals. This allows customers to understand the basics of investing before their first trade. The company plans to continue to release additional Learn modules to provide customers access to information that can help build financial confidence.
Newsfeeds. Its newsfeeds give customers access to free, premium news from sites, such as Barron’s, Reuters, and Dow Jones.
Sherwood Snacks. Sherwood Snacks is an accessible digest of business news stories written for a new generation of investors. Its bite-sized news stories bring new investors the latest market-moving news without all of the complicated financial jargon. Building on the success of Robinhood Snacks, the company formed Sherwood Media, LLC (‘Sherwood Media’), a subsidiary that is the home for news and information about the markets, economics, business, technology, and the culture of money. It offers a suite of new editorial offerings, complementing Robinhood Snacks with more always-on news updates and analysis, original reporting, and new newsletter offerings.
Crypto Learn and Earn. The company's exclusive in-app educational module is available to all RHC and eligible RHEU and Robinhood Wallet customers via Robinhood Learn, which educates customers on the basics about cryptocurrency.
Technology
The Robinhood apps and Robinhood Legend are the core front-end pathways through which customers engage with the company. The company's self-clearing system, order routing system, data platform, and other back-end infrastructure deliver the capabilities that allow its customers to focus on investing, saving, and spending, while also enabling it to rapidly develop products that its customers love to use.
Some of the company's most critical technologies include:
Core Infrastructure and Data Platform. The company's core infrastructure and data platform are all built on Amazon Web Services, and its platform enables application developers to define their microservices in a simple, standardized manner while also providing built-in scalability and resiliency.
Self-Clearing System. The company's self-clearing services allow it to clear and settle trades across stocks, ETFs, and options without relying on a third-party clearing firm, an approach that provides increased internal visibility and stronger oversight and control over clearing and settlement functions.
Order Routing System. The company built a proprietary order routing system that uses statistical models to evaluate past orders and execution quality data, and automatically routes customer orders to the market makers that have historically given customers the best prices. This competition-based system creates an incentive for market makers to provide better prices for the company's customers, in order to receive more orders in the future. The company is committed to seeking a quality execution on every order, and its routing protocols are designed with this in mind.
Machine Learning Platform and Artificial Intelligence. The company uses machine learning and AI to improve its products and processes in certain circumstances. Its machine learning models and AI contribute to multiple capabilities across its business. For example, it uses machine learning and AI to increase the efficiency of its in-app chat support, customer support workflows, fraud detection systems, and even to improve the customer experience in its newsfeed by expanding the number of sources it can pull from, parsing and categorizing these articles, and delivering highly relevant and varied news to its customers for companies, stocks, or cryptocurrencies.
Experiments Infrastructure. To enable its rapid product development cycle, the company has built a proprietary experiments infrastructure that enables it to test product changes through the build process and validate research hypotheses. The iterative, customer-centric product development approach that is so core to its success is enabled by this robust internal technology.
Artificial Intelligence. The company expects its adoption of AI to occur in three phases: by augmenting internal operations, by enhancing customer-facing products, and by developing sophisticated autonomous financial agents. It has successfully created operational efficiencies and brought in top-tier AI talent, including experts from leading frontier AI labs, to accelerate its advancements in AI. Additionally, it has begun to incorporate early applications of generative AI into its product offerings, such as within its customer service flows.
Cryptocurrency and Blockchain Technology. The company’s cryptocurrency and blockchain technology will fundamentally transform financial infrastructure by offering significant efficiencies, as the blockchain reduces the need for traditional financial intermediaries, such as clearing houses, transfer agents, and payment processors, leading to lower operational costs. It anticipates that cryptocurrency will increasingly integrate with the traditional financial system, ultimately serving as the new infrastructure for financial services. The company expects that this will be driven by tokenization, which enables efficiency gains by moving traditional financial assets onto the blockchain.
Customers
The company is empowering a new generation of financial consumers. Robinhood was built to make the financial system more accessible and transparent for everyone. It has reached customers from a wide variety of social and economic backgrounds, and many of its customers have told it that Robinhood was their first brokerage account.
The company takes pride in the fact that it is expanding the market by welcoming new investors into the financial system and helping the next generation of investors build sound long-term investing, saving, and spending habits in their prime wealth building years. The company is also laser focused on being the top platform for active traders who trade more actively and use more sophisticated products.
Growth Strategies
The company's growth strategies are built around three key focus areas designed to meet increasing demand from its customers, such as establishing itself as the number one platform for active traders; becoming the number one in wallet share for the next generation; and building the number one global financial ecosystem.
Regulation
As broker-dealers, the company's subsidiaries, Robinhood Securities, LLC (‘RHS’) and Robinhood Financial LLC (‘RHF’), are subject to extensive regulation by federal, state, and SROs, and are subject to laws and regulations covering all aspects of the securities industry. Federal, state, and SROs, including the SEC and Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (‘FINRA’), can, and in some cases have in the past, among other things, investigate, censure, or fine the company, issue cease-and-desist orders or otherwise restrict its operations, require changes to its business practices, products, or services, limit its marketing or acquisition activities, or suspend or expel a broker-dealer or any of its officers or employees.
As money transmitters, the company's subsidiaries Robinhood Crypto, LLC (‘RHC’) and Robinhood Money, LLC (‘RHY’) are subject to regulation, primarily at the state level. It is also subject to regulation by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (the ‘CFPB’). The company has obtained or is in the process of obtaining licenses to operate as a money transmitter (or as another type of regulated financial services institution, as applicable) in the United States and in the states and territories where this is required. As a licensed money transmitter, it is subject to obligations and restrictions with respect to the investment of customer funds, reporting requirements, bonding requirements, and inspection by state regulatory agencies concerning those aspects of its business considered money transmission.
The company is subject to anti-money laundering (‘AML’) laws and counter-terrorist financing laws and regulations in the United States, the U.K., and the EU. Under the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (the ‘USA Patriot Act’), broker-dealers and money transmitters are required to ‘know your customer’ and to monitor their customers’ transactions for suspicious transactions. In the U.K., the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 is the primary regulation for all financial services in the U.K. This law designates the Financial Conduct Authority as the main AML regulator and provides guidelines for its duties. The company's program is also designed to prevent its products and services from being used to facilitate business in countries, or with persons or entities, included on designated government sanctions lists, including lists promulgated by the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Controls (‘OFAC’), Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons lists, and equivalent foreign lists.
The company is also subject to a variety of federal, state, local, and non-U.S. laws and regulations regarding data privacy and security. In the U.S., federal law, such as the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999 and its implementing regulations, restricts certain collection, processing, storage, use, and disclosure of personal data, requires notice to individuals of privacy practices, and provides individuals with some rights to prevent the use and disclosure of nonpublic or otherwise legally protected information. The company is also subject to, or expects to be subject to, the General Data Protection Regulation, the Digital Operational Resilience Act, the ePrivacy Directive (including its national implementations), and other privacy, data security, and data protection laws and regulations in connection with its expansion into the U.K., the EU, and other jurisdictions.
Because of its role in offering customers access to a credit card, Robinhood Credit is subject to the jurisdiction of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (the ‘CFPB’). The CFPB has broad authority over Robinhood Credit’s business, including authority to write regulations under federal consumer financial protection laws, such as the Truth in Lending Act (‘TILA’) and the Equal Credit Opportunity Act (‘ECOA’), and to enforce those laws against and examine large financial institutions, such as Coastal Bank, for compliance. Robinhood Credit has policies and procedures in place to comply with the applicable provisions of the TILA, ECOA, The Fair Debt Collections Practices Act (‘FDCPA’), and other applicable federal law and comparable regulations in all of its activities.
RHUK is authorized and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority (‘FCA’) in the U.K. to carry on certain regulated activities related to the provision of investment services.
Robinhood Europe, UAB (‘RHEU’) is also registered under the applicable Polish, Italian, and Spanish laws as a virtual assets service provider in the Register of Virtual Currency Activities maintained by the Director of the Tax Administration Chamber in Poland, the Register of Bureaux de Change maintained by the Organismo Agenti e Mediatori in Italy, and the Registry of Providers of Virtual Currency Exchange Services for Fiat Currency and Custody of Electronic Wallets maintained by the Bank of Spain.
The principal operations of the company's subsidiary Robinhood Derivatives, LLC (‘RHD’) are subject to the margin rules issued by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (‘CFTC’). RHD is also subject to NFA regulation, including requirements pertaining to cybersecurity and supervision. RHD is subject to the CFTC’s minimum financial requirements under the U.S. Commodity Exchange Act (the ‘CEA’).
The company is subject to anti-bribery and anti-corruption regulations imposed by the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (‘FCPA’) in the U.S. and the U.K. Bribery Act 2010 (‘the Bribery Act’), which generally prohibit companies and those acting on their behalf from making improper payments to foreign government officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business.
The company is subject to applicable federal, state, local, and foreign laws and regulations relating to climate risk and environmental impact, including those required by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. In addition, it is subject to various climate disclosure regimes regulating the disclosure of greenhouse gas (‘GHG’) emissions and related information, such as the EU’s Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive, California’s Climate Corporate Data Accountability Act and Climate Related Financial Risk Act, and the SEC’s final rules under SEC Release No. 34-99678 and No. 33-11275 entitled ‘The Enhancement and Standardization of Climate-Related Disclosures for Investors.’
Research and Development
The company’s research and development costs were $323 million for the year ended December 31, 2024.
History
Robinhood Markets, Inc. was founded in 2013. The company was incorporated in 2013.
